숙명여고 2025 고1 1학기 기말 · 공통영어1

윗글 [A]를 읽고, 5명의 학생이 다음과 같이 대화하였다. 글의 내용을 이해하지 못한 학생 2명은?

[A] Worth over $3 trillion and making up 2% of the world's GDP, the fashion industry today has an almost entirely linear approach. The process moves in a straight line from design to consumption to disposal. Material extraction, textile manufacturing, the supply chain, design, sales, marketing, and other steps are guided by the aim of maximizing garment consumption without considering other issues. Due to linear fashion, the fashion industry negatively affects the environment. 85% of textiles go into landfills, only 1% of the material is recycled, at least 500,000 tons of microfibers end up in the ocean (equal to 50 billion plastic bottles), and 93 billion cubic meters of water is required for textile production annually. Alarming numbers like these will keep increasing if producers maintain the old system. ⓐIt is clear that waste and pollution from the fashion industry must be reduced. Linear fashion must change, and this could happen through circular fashion. Circular fashion is inspired by the principles of a circular economy and sustainable development. A circular economy is based on limiting waste, keeping resources and materials in use, and reusing them. In a circular model, we make, use, and reuse materials for as long as possible to extract their maximum value. Therefore, clothing and textiles are produced, used, and reused to minimize waste. It is a renewable approach to reduce the fashion industry's environmental impact. Circular fashion provides numerous benefits. ⓑFirst, extending the lifespan of fibers significantly reduces textile waste, benefits the environment. Second, circular processes utilize chemicals and materials safe for human health and the environment. This practice protects the environment and consumer health. Third, materials are regenerated instead of being disposed of, which enables their long-term use. [B] The rise of circular fashion is facilitated by new technology and ideas. Materials commonly used in clothing are not eco-friendly because they require considerable resources and often break down slowly. This creates a need for eco-friendly textile alternatives. Currently, companies are developing recycled fibers and fibers extracted from agricultural waste products like leaves, peels, and seeds. One company uses nanotechnology to make soft material from orange peels. Another makes fabrics from kapok tree seeds. The trees grow well in poor soil without needing much water. These new fabrics produce less waste, last a long time, and break down easily. ⓒIn addition to these manufacturing techniques, technology will improve in such a way that it may become normal to produce clothes only when people order them. This "make-to-order" method will cost more, but then less money will be spent on maintaining offline stores. And 3D technology will enable people to see how clothes will fit online without trying them on in a store. In the long run, innovation in production and sales will facilitate sustainable fashion and considerably reduce material waste and logistics emissions. ⓓAnother key to making fashion sustainable is the consumer: us. If we want the fashion industry to adopt more sustainable practices, we must care about how clothes come to us. ⓔWe should then demonstrate our concerns through what we buy. The market, of course, will respond. We can also reduce waste by discarding clothes responsibly. To be specific, we should buy only what we need and pass clothing on to someone who will wear it or to a thrift shop when discarding it.

1. ①Chris: The text provides a reason why linear fashion is problematic. It states that a large quantity of clothing, about 85%, ends up in landfill sites. Circular fashion intends to prevent such waste. It involves ways to keep materials in use for a longer period.
2. ②Justin: The text discusses linear fashion, which seems to be the usual way things work right now. It explains that clothes are made, used for a time, and then they are thrown away. This feels like a very direct process from beginning to end. The text mentions this method causes damage to the environment.
3. ③Chloe: After reading the text, I think the two approaches, linear and circular fashion, are quite similar. Both systems involve making clothes so people can buy and wear them. The text doesn't really make it clear which one is significantly better for the planet. So, to me, they just appear to be different names for the same basic idea.
4. ④Jennifer: Actually, I think the text shows that linear and circular fashion are fairly different ideas. The passage talks about circular fashion as an alternative approach to the linear one. It aims to keep using materials over and over instead of just throwing them out. This approach seems much more positive for the Earth than the other method.
5. ⑤Stella: I noticed that the text suggests circular fashion uses chemicals that aren't good for people's health or nature. Also, it sounds like linear fashion already makes considerable efforts to recycle materials. Perhaps the existing linear system is actually becoming safer and more effective than the new circular approach.

윗글 [A],[B]의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중에서 어법상 틀린 부분이 있는 것은?

[A] Worth over $3 trillion and making up 2% of the world's GDP, the fashion industry today has an almost entirely linear approach. The process moves in a straight line from design to consumption to disposal. Material extraction, textile manufacturing, the supply chain, design, sales, marketing, and other steps are guided by the aim of maximizing garment consumption without considering other issues. Due to linear fashion, the fashion industry negatively affects the environment. 85% of textiles go into landfills, only 1% of the material is recycled, at least 500,000 tons of microfibers end up in the ocean (equal to 50 billion plastic bottles), and 93 billion cubic meters of water is required for textile production annually. Alarming numbers like these will keep increasing if producers maintain the old system. ⓐIt is clear that waste and pollution from the fashion industry must be reduced. Linear fashion must change, and this could happen through circular fashion. Circular fashion is inspired by the principles of a circular economy and sustainable development. A circular economy is based on limiting waste, keeping resources and materials in use, and reusing them. In a circular model, we make, use, and reuse materials for as long as possible to extract their maximum value. Therefore, clothing and textiles are produced, used, and reused to minimize waste. It is a renewable approach to reduce the fashion industry's environmental impact. Circular fashion provides numerous benefits. ⓑFirst, extending the lifespan of fibers significantly reduces textile waste, benefits the environment. Second, circular processes utilize chemicals and materials safe for human health and the environment. This practice protects the environment and consumer health. Third, materials are regenerated instead of being disposed of, which enables their long-term use. [B] The rise of circular fashion is facilitated by new technology and ideas. Materials commonly used in clothing are not eco-friendly because they require considerable resources and often break down slowly. This creates a need for eco-friendly textile alternatives. Currently, companies are developing recycled fibers and fibers extracted from agricultural waste products like leaves, peels, and seeds. One company uses nanotechnology to make soft material from orange peels. Another makes fabrics from kapok tree seeds. The trees grow well in poor soil without needing much water. These new fabrics produce less waste, last a long time, and break down easily. ⓒIn addition to these manufacturing techniques, technology will improve in such a way that it may become normal to produce clothes only when people order them. This "make-to-order" method will cost more, but then less money will be spent on maintaining offline stores. And 3D technology will enable people to see how clothes will fit online without trying them on in a store. In the long run, innovation in production and sales will facilitate sustainable fashion and considerably reduce material waste and logistics emissions. ⓓAnother key to making fashion sustainable is the consumer: us. If we want the fashion industry to adopt more sustainable practices, we must care about how clothes come to us. ⓔWe should then demonstrate our concerns through what we buy. The market, of course, will respond. We can also reduce waste by discarding clothes responsibly. To be specific, we should buy only what we need and pass clothing on to someone who will wear it or to a thrift shop when discarding it.

1. ①ⓐ
2. ②ⓑ
3. ③ⓒ
4. ④ⓓ
5. ⑤ⓔ

윗글 [A]의 밑줄 친 Circular fashion에 대한 사례가 아닌 것은?

[A] Worth over $3 trillion and making up 2% of the world's GDP, the fashion industry today has an almost entirely linear approach. The process moves in a straight line from design to consumption to disposal. Material extraction, textile manufacturing, the supply chain, design, sales, marketing, and other steps are guided by the aim of maximizing garment consumption without considering other issues. Due to linear fashion, the fashion industry negatively affects the environment. 85% of textiles go into landfills, only 1% of the material is recycled, at least 500,000 tons of microfibers end up in the ocean (equal to 50 billion plastic bottles), and 93 billion cubic meters of water is required for textile production annually. Alarming numbers like these will keep increasing if producers maintain the old system. ⓐIt is clear that waste and pollution from the fashion industry must be reduced. Linear fashion must change, and this could happen through circular fashion. Circular fashion is inspired by the principles of a circular economy and sustainable development. A circular economy is based on limiting waste, keeping resources and materials in use, and reusing them. In a circular model, we make, use, and reuse materials for as long as possible to extract their maximum value. Therefore, clothing and textiles are produced, used, and reused to minimize waste. It is a renewable approach to reduce the fashion industry's environmental impact. Circular fashion provides numerous benefits. ⓑFirst, extending the lifespan of fibers significantly reduces textile waste, benefits the environment. Second, circular processes utilize chemicals and materials safe for human health and the environment. This practice protects the environment and consumer health. Third, materials are regenerated instead of being disposed of, which enables their long-term use. [B] The rise of circular fashion is facilitated by new technology and ideas. Materials commonly used in clothing are not eco-friendly because they require considerable resources and often break down slowly. This creates a need for eco-friendly textile alternatives. Currently, companies are developing recycled fibers and fibers extracted from agricultural waste products like leaves, peels, and seeds. One company uses nanotechnology to make soft material from orange peels. Another makes fabrics from kapok tree seeds. The trees grow well in poor soil without needing much water. These new fabrics produce less waste, last a long time, and break down easily. ⓒIn addition to these manufacturing techniques, technology will improve in such a way that it may become normal to produce clothes only when people order them. This "make-to-order" method will cost more, but then less money will be spent on maintaining offline stores. And 3D technology will enable people to see how clothes will fit online without trying them on in a store. In the long run, innovation in production and sales will facilitate sustainable fashion and considerably reduce material waste and logistics emissions. ⓓAnother key to making fashion sustainable is the consumer: us. If we want the fashion industry to adopt more sustainable practices, we must care about how clothes come to us. ⓔWe should then demonstrate our concerns through what we buy. The market, of course, will respond. We can also reduce waste by discarding clothes responsibly. To be specific, we should buy only what we need and pass clothing on to someone who will wear it or to a thrift shop when discarding it.

1. ①A company sells high-quality, durable boots that are designed to last for many years. They use resuable materials and eco-friendly products so the boots don't wear out quickly. The focus is on making a product that stays in good condition for a long time.
2. ②A designer creates a coat that is made entirely from one type of natural fabric and has buttons that can be easily removed. This is done purposefully so that when the coat is no longer wanted, it can be much more easily recycled because the different parts can be separated without difficulty, allowing the fabric to be reused.
3. ③A company finds it has a large amount of clothing that did not sell at the end of the season. Instead of trying to sell it at a discount or donate it, it chooses to burn the clothes. This prevents the items from being sold cheaply by competitors or affecting the brand's image, demonstrating a priority on sales strategy over reusing or responsibly managing products.
4. ④A popular fashion brand launches a program where customers can return old clothes from that brand. The company then sorts these returned items, cleaning and repairing those that are still in good condition to be resold. Items that cannot be resold are sent to a special facility where the fabric is broken down and turned back into new material for making future clothes.
5. ⑤A small business specializes in repairing damaged clothing. Customers can bring in items like jackets with broken zips or trousers with holes, and the skilled workers will fix them carefully. This service helps people keep their favorite clothes for a longer period instead of throwing them away because of small problems.