숙명여고 2023 고1 1학기 중간 · 영어

밑줄 친 This arrangement가 다음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

There are times when ants leaving the nest for food encounter other ants coming back with food on their backs. When this happens, the inbound ants, the ones carrying a burden, always have the right of way. Outbound ants turn to get out of the way, while inbound ants continue in a straight line. This arrangement makes sense because it is more difficult for inbound ants to change direction due to their heavy loads. Following these rules and cooperating in this way, ants improve the traffic flow and make the delivery of food to the nest more efficient.

1. ①Ants carrying a load always have the right to go first.
2. ②Ants rely solely on pheromones to facilitate their cooperation.
3. ③Ants tend to move at different speeds when they move in a straight line.
4. ④Ants avoid carrying food items that are much heavier than their own weight.
5. ⑤Ants drop their load and change direction when they encounter other ants.

다음 글을 읽고 답할 수 없는 질문은?

Fish also cooperate. As everyone knows, big fish often eat little fish. Sometimes, however, little fish help the big fish, so the big fish do not eat the little fish. Tiny fish, which scientists refer to as "cleaners," swim into the mouths of bigger fish, which are referred to as "clients." The cleaners eat parasites in the clients' mouths. After the cleaners do their job, the clients let them go, instead of swallowing them. The cleaners get a meal, and the clients get a healthier mouth. Sometimes the cleaner fish chew on the wall of the client fish's mouth. Although this may cause pain, the big fish still do not eat the little ones for two reasons. First, the cleaners are too small to satisfy their hunger. Second, it is hard to find good cleaners. Once the cleaners and the clients establish trust, the clients want to cooperate with the cleaners and keep them around.

1. ①Who called the tiny fish "cleaners"?
2. ②Why do the small fish eat parasites in the big fish's mouths?
3. ③How do the little fish chew bigger fish to avoid being eaten?
4. ④Why don't the big fish eat the little fish even when they are bitten and feel pain?
5. ⑤What happens when the cleaners and the clients establish trust?

다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Pied flycatcher are small birds that cooperate in dangerous situations. When a predator enters a flycatcher's area, the flycatcher makes a loud sound for help. Other flycatchers hear the call, and they come to help. As more and more birds join the group, the predator becomes frightened and runs away. It is important to note that flycatchers go to the aid of another bird in danger only if that bird has helped other birds in the past. They do not answer the calls of birds that ______.

1. ①are too far away from them
2. ②allow other birds to join the group
3. ③have a history of not helping others
4. ④are strong enough to beat the predator
5. ⑤produce a loud call to request assistance