영파여고 2026 고1 2학기 중간 · 공통영어2

Some of you may have heard Korean folktales featuring tigers. In fact, approximately forty percent of Korean folktales about animals include a tiger. Sometimes, tigers in Korean folktales are shown as foolish creatures. ① For example, in one story, a tiger helps a human become rich after the human saves the tiger’s life. ② In a folktale, a tiger hears a mother tell her crying baby, “Don’t cry. Here’s a gotgam.” Here’s a gotgam.” ③ Because the baby stops crying, the tiger mistakenly thinks the gotgam is a very scary creature and runs away. ④ People at the time seem to have had mixed views of tigers. ⑤ Although people respected tigers’ power and courage, they were also scared of them because being injured or even killed by tigers was common in the past.

Tigers in Korea faced a decline in population due to hunting during the Joseon period. So, their use as a symbol of the nation faded away. However, their symbolism was revived in modern times through their selection as the mascot for both Olympics hosted by Korea. Tigers are also mentioned in the K-pop song “Tiger is Coming.” One verse of the song is a reinterpreted version of “Sugungga,” which is a traditional Korean song. The song drew worldwide attention, and its video was viewed millions of times online. These days, only a few wild tigers have been reported to be living in North Korea. However, the history, stories, and cultural meaning of tigers still have a place among modern Korean people. Who can deny that the tiger is a symbol of Korea? In 2021, the National Folk Museum of Korea published a book that collects all the stories about tigers in Korea.

Biologists distinguish two kinds of similarity. “Analogous” traits are ① them that have a common function but arose on different branches of the evolutionary tree and are in an important sense not “the same” organ. The wings of birds and the wings of bees are both used for flight and are similar in some ways because ② whatever is used for flight has to be built in those ways, but they arose independently in evolution and have nothing in common beyond their use in flight. “Homologous” traits, in contrast, may or may not have a common function, but they descended from a common ancestor and hence have some common structure that indicates ③ their being “the same” organ. The wing of a bat and the front leg of a horse ④ have very different functions, but they are all modifications of the forelimb of the ancestor of all mammals. As a result, they share nonfunctional traits like the number of bones and the ways ⑤ in which they are connected. To distinguish analogy from homology, biologists usually look at the overall architecture of the organs and focus on their most useless properties.