대일외고 2023 고1 1학기 기말 · 심화영어1

Jeffrey A. Rodgers, a vice president of a big company, was once taught the simple idea of pausing to refresh. It began when Jeff realized that as he drove home from work each evening his mind was still focused on work-related projects. We all know this feeling. We may have left the office physically, but we are very much still there mentally, as our minds get caught in the endless loop of replaying the events of today and worrying about all the things we need to get done the following day. So now, as he gets to the door of his house, he applies what he calls “the pause that refreshes.” He stops for just a moment. He closes his eyes. He breathes in and out once: deeply and slowly. As he exhales, he lets the work issues fall away. This allows him to walk through the front door to his family with more singleness of purpose. It supports the sentiment attributed to Lao Tzu: “In work, do what you enjoy. In family life, be completely present.”

In the spring and summer of 1837, fresh from his voyage on HMS Beagle, Charles Darwin began the grand synthesis of his research that was to become his celebrated theory of evolution. In mid-July, Darwin’s thoughts were still scattered, his mood one of confused feeling. In a notebook, amid many tentative doodles and wild notes, he made a simple sketch that was to capture at a stroke the conceptual sweep of the theory slowly forming in his mind. The drawing was of an “irregularly branched” tree, intended to convey the genealogical history of plants and animals: a tree of life. As a metaphor it was brilliant, conveying the essential notion that life originated in the dim and distant past with a unique, spontaneous event. From this single common ancestor — the trunk of the tree — life diversified over time by successive branchings, with new species splitting away from old. The ends of the branches represent extinctions, like the dinosaurs and the dodo.

According to the market response model, it is increasing prices ①that drive providers to search for new sources, innovators to substitute, consumers to conserve, and alternatives to emerge. Taxing certain goods or services, and so increasing prices, should result in either ②decreased use of these resources or creative innovation of new sources or options. The money raised through the tax can be used directly by the government either to supply services or ③to search for alternatives. Many examples of such “green taxes” exist. Facing landfill costs, labor expenses, and related costs in the provision of garbage disposal, for example, some cities have required households to dispose of all waste in special trash bags, purchased by consumers themselves, and often ④costing a dollar or more each. The results have been greatly increased recycling and more careful attention by consumers to packaging and waste. By internalizing the costs of trash to consumers, there has been an ⑤observing decrease in the flow of garbage from households.