대일외고 2024 고1 2학기 중간 · 영어

On any day of the year, the tropics and the hemisphere that is experiencing its warm season receive much more solar radiation than ____ the polar regions and the colder hemisphere. ② Averaged over the course of the year, the tropics and latitudes up to about 40° receive more total heat than they lose by radiation. Latitudes above 40° receive less total heat than they lose by radiation. This inequality effectively produces the necessary conditions for the operation of a huge, global scale engine ③ that takes on heat in the tropics and gives it off in the polar regions. Its working fluid is the atmosphere, especially the moisture ④ it contains. Air is heated over the warm earth of the tropics, expands, rises, and flows away both northward and southward at high altitudes, ⑤ cooling as it goes. It descends and flows toward the equator again from more northerly and southerly latitudes.

It is important to remember that computers can only carry out instructions that humans give them. Computers can process data accurately at ① far greater speeds than people can, yet they are limited in many respects — most importantly, they lack common sense. However, carefully combining the strengths of these machines with human strengths ② creates synergy. Typically, synergy occurs when combined resources produce output that exceeds the sum of the outputs of the same resources employed separately. A computer works quickly and accurately; humans work relatively ③ slowly and make mistakes. A computer cannot make independent decisions, however, or formulate steps for solving problems, unless ④ programmed to do so by humans. Even with sophisticated artificial intelligence, which enables the computer to learn and then effectively implement ____ it learns, the initial programming must be done by humans. Thus, a human-computer combination allows the results of human thought to be translated into efficient processing of large amounts of data.

If you drive down a busy street, you will likely find many competing businesses, often right next to one another. For example, in most places a consumer in search of a quick meal typically has many choices, and more fast-food restaurants appear all the time. These competing firms advertise ① heavily. The temptation is to see advertising as driving up the price of a product without any benefit to the consumer. However, this misconception does not account for ② why firms advertise. In many markets where competitors sell slightly differentiated products, advertising enables firms to ____ their customers about new products and services. Indeed, costs rise, but consumers also gain valuable information to help ④ make purchasing decisions. Consumers benefit from added variety, and we get a product that's pretty close to our vision of a perfect good — and no other market structure delivers ⑤ that outcome.